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IBM Unveils First 1,000-qubit Quantum Chip

Update time : 2023-12-11 10:11:11

IBM has unveiled the first quantum computer with more than 1,000 quantum bits, the equivalent of digital bits in a regular computer. But the company says it will now shift direction and focus on making its machines more fault-tolerant, rather than bigger.
For years, IBM has followed a roadmap for quantum computing in which the number of quantum bits roughly doubles every year. The chip announced, called Condor, has 1,121 superconducting quantum bits arranged in a honeycomb pattern.
Previously, IBM has created other record-breaking machines named after birds, including a 127-quantum-bit chip introduced in 2021 and a 433-quantum-bit chip introduced last year.
Quantum computers are expected to perform certain calculations that classical computers cannot. They will be realized using unique quantum phenomena such as entanglement and superposition, which allow multiple quantum bits to exist in multiple collective states at the same time.
But these quantum states are notoriously volatile and error-prone. Physicists have tried to get around this problem by inducing several physical quantum bits - each encoded in superconducting circuits or individual ions - to work together to represent an informational quantum bit, or "logic quantum bit". "to get around the problem.
As part of the new strategy, IBM also introduced a chip called Heron. The chip has 133 quantum bits, but has a record low error rate, with previous quantum processors having error rates three times higher.
Researchers generally say that state-of-the-art error-correction techniques would require more than 1,000 physical quantum bits for each logical quantum bit. A machine capable of useful computation would need millions of physical quantum bits.
But in recent months, physicists have gotten excited about an alternative error-correction scheme called quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC).
It promises to reduce that number to 1/10th or more, according to preprinted results posted by IBM researchers at arXiv. ibm says they will now focus on making chips capable of holding a few q LDPC-corrected quantum bits in about 400 physical quantum bits, and then networking those chips together.
According to Mikhail Lukin, a physicist at Harvard University, IBM has done "excellent theoretical work". "That said, it seems extremely challenging to realize this approach with superconducting quantum bits, and it may even take years before proof-of-concept experiments can be performed on this platform." Lukin said.
Lukin and his collaborators have conducted similar research in the hope of implementing qLDPC with a single atom instead of a superconducting ring.
The problem is that the qLDPC technique requires each quantum bit to be directly connected to at least six other quantum bits. In a typical superconducting chip, each quantum bit is connected to only two or three neighboring quantum bits. But Oliver Dial, a condensed matter physicist and chief technology officer at IBM Quantum, says the company has a plan - it will add a layer to the design of its quantum chips to allow for the extra connections needed for the qLDPC scheme.
A new quantum research roadmap published by IBM on Dec. 4 shows that within 10 years, IBM expects to enable useful computations such as simulating the work of catalyst molecules.
"This has been a dream, and a distant one at that." Dial said, "To actually get it close enough to us that we can see where we are today means a lot to me."

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